Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN

3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz.IRAN

Abstract

Reflectors are a very important tools in counteracting the space borne or airborne SAR imaging systems. Because they can be used in the form of decoy and camouflage protection designs due to their high level RCS. The remarkable thing on this mission is that the SAR radar is capable of sending the wave to earth in any direction, with any incident angle and in any frequency band, and capturing sensitive areas. The design of such an all-directional, multi-band reflector, and wide angles reflector is very complicated because the reflex function depends on various parameters such as the dimensions, shape and material of the reflector, the frequency, the incident angle, and the polarization of the radiated wave. Existing refractors generally have a high RCS in a particular direction at a specific frequency and at a narrow viewing angle. In this paper, we will attempt to design a refractor of all directions, multiple bands and wide angles using shape structures.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] BehzadFallahpour, M., Dehghani, H. and Rashidi, A.J., Performance of SAR imaging systems in different operating modes, 1 Edition, Malik Ashtar University of Technology, 1397.
[2] Dehghani, H., Rivandi, A., BehzadFallahpour, M.  and  Mousazadeh, K., "SAR Imaging Systems Performance Modeling," Journal of Space Science and Technology (JSST), Vol. 6, No. 1, 2013, pp.47-56.
[3] Ünal, I.; Taylan, O.; Gulum, M. andBayramoğlu, E. Ç.,  “Investigations of Electrical Size Effects on Radar Cross Section for Orthogonally Distorted Corner Reflectors,” IEEE Radar Conf, Arlington, 2015.
[4] Chengfan, L.;  Junjuan, Zh.;  Jingyuan, Y.;  Zhang, G. and Shan, X., “Analysis of RCS Characteristic of Dihedral Corner and Triangular Trihedral Corner Reflectors,” 5th International Conference on Computer Science & Education, Hefei, 2010.
[5] Doerry, A. and Armin, W., “Reflectors for SAR Performance Testing,” Sandia Report SAND2008-0396, Unlimited Release,Albuquerque,2008.
[6] Stastny, J.; Sparta, Ch.; Wiafe, G.; Agyekum, K. andGreidanus, H., “Application of RADAR Corner Reflectors for the Detection of Small Vessels in Synthetic Aperture Radar,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. Vol. 8, No. 3, 2015, pp. 1099-1107.
[7] Dehghani, H. andMousazadeh, K., “SAR Imagery Systems Corrupt Based on Reflectors,” Advanced Defence Sci.&Technol Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2014, pp. 239-246.
[8] Garthwaite, M. C.; Lawrie, S.; Dawson, J. andThankappan, M., “Corner Reflectors as the Tie between InSAR and GNSS Measurements: Case Study of Resource Extraction in Australia,” FRINGE Conference. Australia, 2015.
[9] Yongsheng, Zh.;Chuanrong, L.; Lingling, M.; Ying, Y. M. and Liu, Q., “Improved Trihedral Corner Reflector for High-Precision SAR Calibration and Validation,” IEEE Conference in Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Quebec, 2014.
[10] Jayasri, P.V.; Niharika, K.; Yedukondalu, K; SitaKumari, E.V.S. and Prasad, A.V.V., “Radar Cross Section Characterization of Corner Reflectors in Different Frequency Bands and Polarizations,”The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, India, 2018.
[11] Satake, M.; Matsuoka, T.;Umehara, T.;Nadai, A. and Uratsuka,S.; “Development of polarization selective corner reflectors and its experiment for calibration of airborne polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar,” Proceedings of ISAP, Niigata, Japan, 2007.
[12] Garthwaite, M. C.; Nancarrow, S.; Hislop, A.; Thankappan, M.; Dawson, J. H.; Lawrie, S.; “The Design of Radar Corner Reflectors for the Australian Geophysical Observing System: A single design suitable for InSAR deformation monitoring and SAR calibration at multiple microwave frequency bands,” Technical Report, Geoscience Australia ,2015.
[13]Anastasis C. Polycarpou.; Constantine A. Balanis and Panayiotis A. Tirkas., "Radar Cross Section of Trihedral Corner Reflectors: Theory and Experiment," Journal of Electromagnetics, Taylor and Francis, 2011, pp. 457-484.
[14] Lazaro, A.; Lorenzo, J.; Villarino, R. and Girbau, D.,"Modulated Corner Reflector Using Frequency Selective Surfaces for FMCW Radar Applications, " Proceedings of the 45th European Microwave Conference, 2015. pp 111-114.
[15] BehzadFallahpour, M.;Dehghani, H.;Rashidi, A. J. andSheikhi,A., “Analytical modelling and software implementation of synthetic aperture radars," International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 104, No. 11, 2017, pp. 1795-1809.
[16] Algafsh, A.; Inggs, M. and Mishra, A. K., “The Effect of Perforating the Corner Reflector on Maximum Radar Cross Section,” 6th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium.Abu Dhabi, 2016.
[17] Weng,Y. K.; Song, L.; Yang, J. L.; Hui, Zh.;  Hong, Y. and  Hong, W., “Efficient Solution to the RCS of Trihedral Corner Reflector,” International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Vol. 47, No. 2, 2015, pp. 533-539.
[18] Schiavon, G. andSolimini, D., “Dihedral and Trihedral Corner Reflector Models for the Interpretation of Radar Returns from Urban Manufacts,” IEEE Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Honolulu 2000.
[19] Saeed, A. andHellwich, O., “Design, Deployment, and Localization of Bidirectional Corner Reflectors for TerraSAR-X,”IEEE Microwaves, Radar and Remote Sensing Symposium, Kiev, 2017.
[20] Manix, C. R.; Belcher, D. P. and Cannon, P. S., “Measurement of Ionospheric Scintillation Parameters from SAR Images Using Corner Reflectors,” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 55, No. 12, 2017, pp. 6695-6702.
[21] Ayan, CH.; Susanta, K. P., “Performance Enhancement of a Dual-Band Monopole Antenna by Using a Frequency-Selective Surface-Based Corner Reflector,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 6, 2016, pp. 2165-2171.
[22] Lipuma, D.; Meric, S.; Gillard, R. “RCS Enhancement of Flattened Dihedral Corner Reflector Using Reflectarray Approach,” IEEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 49, No. 2, 2013, pp. 152-154.