Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Instructor, Automotive Mechanics, Department, Shahid Babaei Faculty, Technical and Vocational University of Qazvin Province, Qazvin, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty member of Radiation processing and Dosimetry Research Group, Radiation Application Research Institute, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

3 M.Sc. Department of Structures and Vibrations, Department of Composites and Advanced Materials, Shahid Qandi Research Center, Tehran, Iran

4 Materials and Energy Research Institute, Iran Space Research Institute, Esfahan, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Satellite Communication. Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC), Research Institute of Communication and Information Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Sandwich panels are used in various industries due to their high special strength. It is used in ultra-light aerospace structures. In this paper the protective effect of sandwich structures used in ultralight space structures against gamma rays is investigated. Eight structures of the most widely used structures used in space structures such as telecommunication antennas and satellite bodies are exposed to radioisotopic sources of gamma rays (Amercium barium and cesium) with energies of 60 kV, 80 kV, 382 and 66 kV, have been compared to each other. Surface material (aluminum and carbon), surface thicknesses and honeycomb cell dimensions are the most important evaluation parameters. In this paper, different structures have been compared using the "special protection" parameter and the best structure from a protection perspective has been identified and reported.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] B. Taylor, C. Underwood, A. Dyer, C. Ashton, S. Rason, and J. Browning, "The micro radiation environment monitor (MuREM) and SSTL radiation monitor (SSTL RM) on TechDemoSat-1," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 59, pp. 1060-1065, 2012.
[2]European Coppration for Space Standardization,  "Space product Assurance," Materials, mechanical parts and processes,  ESA2009.
[3] M. R. S. James R. Schwank, and Paul E, "Radiation Hardness Assurance Testing of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Circuits: Radiation Environments, Physical Mechanisms, and Foundations for Hardness Assurance," sandia National Laboratories Document, 2008.
[4]  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt
[5]  Available: https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/new-risk-index-for-satellite-operators
[6]  R. Horne, S. Glauert, N. Meredith, D. Boscher, V. Maget, D. Heynderickx, et al., "Space weather impacts on satellites and forecasting the Earth's electron radiation belts with SPACECAST," Space Weather, vol. 11, pp. 169-186, 2013.
[7]  H. T. Mebrahtu, Heavy Ion Radiation Effects on CMOS Image Sensors, 2005.
[8] E. Secretariat, "Methods for the calculation of radiation received and its effects, and a policy for design margins," European Cooperation for Space Standardization, Noordwijk, 2008.
[9]  R. Uzel and A. Özyildirim, "A study on the local shielding protection of electronic components in space radiation environment," 2017 8th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST), 2017, pp. 295-299.
[10] M. Mayanbari and Y. Kasesaz, "Design and analyse space radiation shielding for a nanosatellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO)," in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies-RAST2011, 2011, pp. 489-493.
[11]         D. Croley, H. Garrett, G. Murphy, and T. Garrard, "Solar particle induced upsets in the TDRS-1 attitude control system RAM during the October 1989 solar particle events," Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 42, pp. 1489-1496, 1995.
[12]         T. Chen, F. Chen, X. Tang, M. Ni, Y. Zhang, and H. Huang, "Shielding performance of honeycomb and foam structures in a magnetic field against spatial high-energy electron radiation," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 410, pp. 127-133, 2017.
[13]         J. Solin, "The GEO total ionizing dose," Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 45, pp. 2964-2971, 1998.
[14]         B. Spieth, K. Qassim, R. Pittman, and D. Russell, "Shielding electronics behind composite structures," Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 45, pp. 2752-2757, 1998.
[15]         L. Zheng, D. Wu, A. Zhou, B. Pan, Y. Wang, and J. Wang, "Experimental and numerical study on heat transfer characteristics of metallic honeycomb core structure in transient thermal shock environments," International Journal of Thermophysics, vol. 35, pp. 1557-1576, 2014.
[16]         R. Battiston, W. Burger, V. Calvelli, R. Musenich, V. Choutko, V. Datskov, et al., "ARSSEM—Active radiation shield for space exploration missions," arXiv: 1209.1907 [physics. space-ph], 2012.
[17]   W.L. Ko, "Heat shielding characteristics and thermostructural performance of a superalloy honeycomb sandwich thermal protection system (TPS)," NASA Dryden Flight Research Center Edwards, California 2004.
[18]   F. Cataldo and M. Prata, "New composites for neutron radiation shielding," Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 320, pp. 831-839, 2019.
[19]   Honeycomb radiation shield for spacecraft. Available: https://contest.techbriefs.com/2010/entries/transportation/304
[20]   C. Leroy and P.-G. Rancoita, Principles of radiation interaction in matter and detection: World Scientific, 2011.
[21]   G. Gilmore, Practical gamma-ray spectroscopy: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
[22]   Compton effect. Available: https://radiopaedia. org/articles
[23]   P.W. Hawkes, Advances in imaging and electron physics: Elsevier, 2004.
[24]   H. O. Tekin, "MCNP-X Monte Carlo code application for mass attenuation coefficients of concrete at different energies by modeling 3× 3 inch NaI (Tl) detector and comparison with XCOM and Monte Carlo data," Science and technology of nuclear installations, vol. 2016, 2016.
[25]   A. Kiyani, A.A. Karami, M. Bahiraee, and H. Moghadamian, "Calculation of gamma buildup factors for point sources," Advances in materials Research, vol. 2, pp. 93-98, 2013.
[26]   M. Stanton, J. Barth, E. Stassinopoulos, W. Stapor, and T. Jordan, "Proton transport through graphite composite honeycomb solar array panel," in RADECS 97. Fourth European Conference on Radiatio6n and its Effects on Components and Systems (Cat. No. 97TH8294), pp. 305-310, 1997
[27]   L. Varga and E. Horvath, Evaluation of electronics shielding in micro-satellites: Defence R&D Canada-Ottawa, 2003.
[28]   H. Daneshvar, P. Hajipour, L. Mohammadi, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, "Evaluation of the amount of displacement damage in silicon volumes caused by GEO orbit radiation particles using MCNPX code," presented at the Second National Conference on Space Radiation, Tehran, 2012.in Persian
[29]   H. Daneshvar, P. Hajipour, L. Mohammadi, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, "Investigation and comparison of the most important radiation protection design parameters in GEO satellites using MCNPX code," presented at the Second National Conference on Space Radiation, Tehran, 2012.in Persian
 [30]  N. Abuali Galehdari and A.D. Kelkar, "Characterization of nanoparticle enhanced multifunctional sandwich composites subjected to space radiation," in ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2016, p. V001T03A032.
[31]   N.A. Galehdari, V. Mani, and A.D. Kelkar, "Fabrication of Nanoengineered Radiation Shielding Multifunctional Polymeric Sandwich Composites," Int. J. Chem. Mol. Nucl. Mater. Metall. Eng, vol. 10, pp. 257-260, 2016.