Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 PhD Student, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Power and Data Handling Department,, Satellite Research Institute (SRI) of Iranian Space Research Center (ISRC)
Abstract
Protection of astronauts and electronic components in satellites and spacecraft against space rays is one of the most important primary requirements in space missions. In this work, the effect of three materials, aluminum, as the most common material, polyethylene and a graded-z structure, in the protection of space radiations has been evaluated. The calculations of the dose caused by these radiations on the human body and a silicon piece have been carried out by MCNPX Monte Carlo code,. The dose caused by cosmic rays has been calculated after applying shields of aluminum, graded-z structure and polyethylene. The results showed that by using polyethylene and about 4.4% increase in weight compared to the aluminum shield, it is possible to reduce the dose caused by photons by more than 50% in the human body and 30% in silicon parts, and the dose caused by protons by about 30%. It cut both for astronauts and electronic components. Graded-z shielding performed very well in the dose attenuation caused by photons, but appeared ineffective in the dose attenuation caused by protons.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Baumann and K. Kruckmeyer, Radiation Handbook for Electronics, Texas Instruments, p. 118, 2019.
- Barkati, a look at the telecommunication satellites of Argentina, Canada, China, France, Germany, India and Indonesia. Public Relations of Iran Space Organization, 2007 (in Persian).
- Available, [on line]: http://www.tech-faq.com/satellite-systems.
- Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/low-earth-orbit.
- Duzellier “Radiation effects on electronic devices in space”, Aerospace Science and Technology, vol 9, No.1, pp. 93-99, 2005.
- Durante, “Space radiation protection: Destination Mars,” Life Sciences in Space Research, vol 1, pp. 2-9, 2014.
- Durante and F.A. Cucinotta, “Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 465-472, 2008.
- Horneck, R. Facius, M. Reichert and et al., a study on the survivability and adaptation of humans to long-duration exploratory missions, part I: lunar missions, Adv Space Res, vol 31, no. 11, p. 2389-401, 2003.
- A. Cucinotta and M. Durante, “Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: implications for space exploration by human beings”,The Lancet Oncol, vol 7, No.5, pp. 431-435, 2006.
- Durante and C. Bruno, “Impact of rocket propulsion technology on the radiation risk in missions to Mars”, The European Physical Journal D, vol 60, no.1, pp. 215-218, 2010.
- shoorian, H. Jafari, S.Ah. Feghhi and G. aslani, “Calculation and measurement of leakage current variations due to displacement damage for a silicon diode exposed to space protons” Journal of Space Science and Technology, Vol 13, no.4, pp71-79, 2020 (in Persian).
- Klamm., “Passive Space Radiation Shielding: Mass and Volume Optimization of Tungsten-Doped PolyPhenolic and Polyethylene Resins.” Publication: Small Satellite Conference, 2015.
- Bartholet, “Light Weight Radiation Shielding for Space Environments,” SAE Transactions, pp.359-362, 2004.
- Daneshvar, K.G.Milan, A.Sadr and et al., “Multilayer radiation shield for satellite electronic components protection,” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no.1, p. 20657, 2021.
- Shoorian, H. Jafari, and S.A.H. Feghhi, “Design and calculation of a multilayer radiation shield for replacement with Al in GEO orbit,” Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, vol 48, no.1, pp. 113-123, 2022.
- Available, [on line]: https://directory.eoportal.org/ web/ eoportal/satellite-missions/p/pssct.
- Spenvis, Available, [on line]: https://www.spenvis. oma.be/.
- M. Sawyer and J.I Vette, AP8 trapped proton environment for solar maximum and solar minimum, National Space Science Data Center, p.176, 1976.
- A. Xapsos, G.P. Summers, J.L. Barth, and et al , “Probability Model for Worst Case Solar Proton Event Fluences,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1481-1485, 1999.
- A. Xapsos, G.P. Summers, J.L. Barth, and et al , “Probability Model for Cumulative Solar Proton Event Fluences,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 486-490, 2000.
- Available, [on line]: http://rd48.web.cern.ch/rd48/about-rose/about-rose.htm.
- MCNPX, Available, [on line]: http://mcnp.lanl.gov/.
- J. F. Ziegler, M. D. Ziegler, and J. P. Biersack, “SRIM- The stopping and range of ions in matter,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 268, no. 11-12, pp. 1818-1823, 2010.
)