Study of Space Weather and its Risks on Human Biologic Processes

This paper investigates solar activities and its phenomena from the perspective of risks to the earth's environment, human health, and space weather risks to space systems. In this article, in addition to a brief explanation about the physics of the sun and space weather phenomena, the effects of these phenomena on human health have been investigated. Moreover, the results of international researches have been studied and analyzed to determine the relationship between heart diseases, brain diseases, cancer, birth rates, health of astronauts, and animal life with space weather phenomena. The results of this article help to predict these events during the occurrence of solar events and by taking the correct actions in addition to preserving biological health, possible damages can also be minimized.


Introduction
Nowadays, world is increasingly dependent on knowledge and technology, and most technologies are also affected by the environmental conditions caused by space and their changes.The "space weather" is a phrase used to describe changes in the sun, solar wind, ionosphere, magnetosphere, and thermosphere layers, which can affect the performance and reliability of various space-based and ground-based engineering systems and threaten biological health and safety.Space weather events are very important at the global level, for this reason, many studies and researches have been done in this field.In Unger (2019) [1], research related to physical activity levels and human medical data has been reviewed, which shows that changes in the geomagnetic field, along with an increase in the activity level of cosmic rays, can have direct or indirect effects on human health and physiology.In Podolská (2021) [2] they analyzed the statistical analysis of the relationship between special solar events and the number of daily deaths in the Czech Republic.
In addition, several researches.have been done in Iran for space weather studies.Shekoofa and Bagheroskouei (2020) [3] have addressed the issue of space weather and its challenges and importance at the international level and a proposed roadmap for activities in this field.The necessity of conducting studies, monitoring and providing services related to space weather events and creating a national center to achieve these goals is discussed in [4].In the article [5], in addition to studying and investigating the phenomena of space weather, its effects on human heart and brain health were also investigated.Reference [6], by studying the available researches and reports in the field of space weather, addressed the destructive effects of space weather on a number of society's infrastructures and examined the economic and social effects caused by space weather events.Therefore, it seems necessary to carry out a comprehensive investigation of space weather hazards for space-based and ground-based systems, as well as biological hazards.

Investigating solar phenomena in space weather
The sun and its atmosphere, from the inner core to the outer corona, consist of several regions or different layers, which can be seen in Figure 1.Beyond the corona lies the solar wind, which is the outer extent of the coronal plasma that fills the solar system.Controlled by the Earth's magnetic field, the magnetosphere acts as a shield to protect our planet from the solar wind.The shape of Earth's magnetosphere is a direct result of being influenced by the solar wind; It is compressed on the sun side and stretched on the other (night) side, creating a feature known as the magnetic tail.The relentless magnetic activity of the sun directly affects the near-Earth environment.

Risks of solar phenomena on human health
Studies related to physical activity levels and human medical data show that changes in the geomagnetic field, along with increased levels of cosmic ray activity, can have direct or indirect effects on human health and physiology.Other studies have identified the effects of space weather on human health Studies show that at least 75% of magnetic storms cause an average increase of 1.5 times the number of people hospitalized with cardiovascular diseases.Investigation of the blood of the tested patients showed that the viscosity of the blood in magnetic storms increases sharply (in some cases almost twice), the red blood cells stick together and the blood flow slows down.As a result, it has been proven that magnetic storms increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Table 1 shows the relationship between stormy days and sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Conclusions
In this study, the effects of space weather on the environment, human health and space equipment were investigated.As a result of studying and reviewing articles on the effects of space weather on living beings, especially humans, it was obtained.On a daily scale, in regular functioning mode, the heart and brain rhythm of healthy people are synchronized with the changes of the magnetic field in some frequency ranges.Investigation the blood of the patients showed that the viscosity of the blood increases sharply in magnetic storms, the red blood cells become sticky and the blood flow slows down.As a result, it has been proven that magnetic storms increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Also, solar activity at birth reduces the probability of survival into adulthood for both men and women.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1 .The sun and its atmosphere consist of several regions or layers [4].
[1]: a) High rate of blood cancer and solid cancer.b) High blood pressure and acute heart attack c) More strokes and cerebrovascular insufficiency.d) Severe migraine attacks.e) More depression and suicide.f) Cardiovascular fluctuations that are related to the level of geomagnetic activity and the 11-year cycle of solar activity.The electromagnetic field affects the specific acute conditions of patients with brain, nerve or heart diseases.During magnetic storm days, changes in blood clotting, sedimentation rate and pulse are detected.The direct physical impact of high-energy solar radiation, especially during solar flares, has a global impact on living organisms as well as human health.Neuropsychiatric diseases show more instability in periods of increasing and decreasing solar activity [2].