نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

2 دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر - پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری فضا

چکیده

در این مقاله یکساختار جدید برای تخمین وضعیت با دقت بالا برای ماهواره‌های سنجش از دور و مبتنی بر روش های تطبیقی مدل‌های چند گانه (Multiple Model Attitude Estimation) طراحی می گردد. در ساختار الگوریتم تخمین وضعیت ارائه شده, مسئلة خطی سازی در هر لحظه که در روش فیلتر کالمن توسعه یافته انجام می‌گیرد به خطی‌سازی در نقاط کار کمتری کاهش می‌یابد که این مسئله سرعت پردازش را افزایش خواهد داد. در این ساختار حسگرهای ستاره و ژیروسکوپ به‌عنوان حسگرهای اصلی تعیین وضعیت و استفاده از چرخ‌های عکس‌العملی به‌عنوان عملگرهای اصلی در کنترل وضعیت مورد استفاده قرار خواهند گرفت. از آنجاکه مصرف توان حسگر ستاره بسیار زیاد است, بنابراین تعیین مداوم وضعیت ماهواره با استفاده از این حسگر یا تعیین دقیق وضعیت ماهواره در خسوف با مشکل توان روبه رو خواهد شد که این مسئله موجب کاهش عمر ماهواره و در نتیجه شکست در انجام مأموریت ماهواره می‌شود. در روش مطرح شده در این مقاله با به‌کارگیری مدل دینامیکی ماهواره در ساختار الگوریتم تخمین وضعیت و استفاده از ممنتم زاویه‌ای، چرخ‌های عکس‌العملی که توسط تاکومتر قابل اندازه‌گیری است، مدت زمان استفاده از حسگر ستاره به شدت کاهش یافته و دقت تخمین وضعیت نیز بطور قابل توجهی افزایش می‌یابد. برای این منظور تنها با تعیین وضعیت ماهواره با استفاده از حسگر ستاره و ژیروسکوپ برای مدتی کوتاه و تعیین دقیق شرایط اولیه برای الگوریتم تخمین، سرعت‌های زاویه‌ای ماهواره با دقت بالا تخمین زده می‌شوند و سپس با استفاده از روابط سینماتیکی ماهواره وضعیت ماهواره با دقت بسیار بالا تعیین خواهد شد. بنابراین در این روش حسگر ستاره در مدت زمان‌های بسیار کوتاه مورد استفاده قرار خواهد گرفت که این مسئله موجب کاهش قابل توجه مصرف انرژی می‌شود. کارایی و صحت عملکرد روش ارائه شده در این مقاله برای تخمین وضعیت ماهواره با روش فیلتر کالمن توسعه یافته، که در بسیاری از ماهواره‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، مقایسه و مورد ارزیابی قرار می گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design of an Attitude Estimation Algorithm for a LEO Satellite Based on Multiple Models Adaptive Method and Comparison with EKF

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Bolandi 1
  • F. Fani-Saberi 2

1

2

چکیده [English]

In this paper, a novel and highly accurate attitude estimation method for a LEO satellite is designed. The method is based on multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) structure. In this method, the satellite dynamic equation is linearized in a few points in order to increase the computational rate compared with extended Kalman filter (EKF) method. The attitude determination and control system of the satellite is consists of a star sensor, gyroscope and reaction wheels. As known, star sensor is a very power consuming sensor in attitude determination of the satellite; therefore, a lesser power consuming method, using the dynamic model of the satellite along with angular momentum of the reaction wheels, is proposed to estimate the satellite attitude. This method assures the proper operation and the attitude estimation of the satellite in eclipse mode as well. By applying this method, the star sensor is used for a short period of time which reduces power consumption considerably. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are investigated through numerical simulations and is compared with extended Kalman filter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • attitude estimation
  • Kalman Filter
  • multiple model
  • star sensor
  • Reaction wheels
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